INTRODUCTION
It is in the past, the Vietnamese language is an inflectional morphology, and then disappeared from the Austro-Asiatic family, which is attached to the consonant of the best features from other languages in general is more, that it seems to share. However, the Vietnamese features heavily toward the purchase or structure and separated tonogenesis converged As a result, the city's influence in Southeast Asia sprachbund looks like. These symptoms, which is part of the individual proto-Austro-Asiatic, but they did not become part of Southeast Asia, a number of phylogenetically related languages, for example, Thai (Tai-Kadai languages), Tsat (within an Austronesian Malayo - Polynesian group members), and Vietnamese each developed tones as a phonemic feature .
Initially, the ancestor of the Vietnamese language (the oldest in the country's occupation by the now northern Vietnam, the Red River region, and the subsequent expansion of the Vietnamese language and people, and between the present and the present-day Ho Chi Minh City in southern Vietnam, Champa (Saigon) in and around the Mekong Delta of the Khmer people, property tonal variations have emerged.
Vietnamese linguistically and politically dominated mainly by the Chinese in the 2nd century BC, have been influenced by Chinese vocabulary and grammatical influence on the rise of Chinese political dominance came radical importation. Chinese, a long-standing that, the only medium of literature and government, as well as the primary written language of the ruling class in Vietnam, the Vietnamese lexicon in all countries of the Han Việt (Sino - Vietnamese) with the words. The prestige of the national language of Vietnam is gradually increased toward the beginning of the second millennium, in fact, the Vietnamese language is the original Chinese characters in the Chinese Han Tu, using two characters (as well as the newly-formed, and the system is written using Chu was last modified characters nôm) Japan (Kanji), Korean ( Hamza), and the Sinosphere as other countries in the same model, and adapted to write Vietnamese. After a number of Vietnamese writers and poets, particularly the location of the Chu Nam, Nguyen Du and Ho Xuan Hương ("NOM Poetry Queen") is composed their works in the 18th century, became supreme for residents reached by the NOM.
Associated with the rise of the West, romanized writing system Quốc Ngữ Portuguese and other Europeans involved in proselytizing and trade in Vietnam have been developed in the 17th century. France invaded Vietnam in the late 19th century, French gradually replaced Chinese as the official language of education and government. Vietnamese such đầm (Dame, from Madame), GA (Gary from the train station), So-mi (shirt, chemise from), and búp Stay (image, poupée from) a number of French regulations, have been adopted. In addition, many Chinese - Vietnamese by the French import rules devised for Western ideas. However, the romanized script widespread and common writing system of education for the general population, teaching and communication in the early 20th century, when a more expedient, not to lead.
Sounds to be suggestive of a Chinese character based on the Vietnamese alphabet, a Vietnamese Catholic Nguyen Truong To petitions sent to the Court, however, failed in his petition. Nôm Chu French Colonial Administration. [21] by gaining liberation from the Chinese writing system of Vietnam, Confucianism and other Chinese influences attempted
Population and language:
Vietnam's population in 2007 to around 87.3 million (estimated) were recorded. The average population density is 240 per square kilometer.
For 54 species, 88% of the total population of Kinh (Vietnamese) descent account of them. The adult literacy rate is 93%. Approximately 57% of the population is employed in agriculture, and about half of the 25-year-old is under.
The most popular and the national language is Vietnamese. English, French, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, and German in Vietnam, the popularity of foreign languages.
History:
Established as the first country in the name of the ancient Vietnamese people The Vietnamese history back more than 4,000 years old, "Van Long."
For freedom and independence for Vietnam's recent history is a long, continuous struggle is considered. The country for nearly a thousand years, from 111 BC to 939 AD Chinese feudalistic administration from 1859 to 1945, nearly a century and colonized by the French.
During World War II, Vietnam was occupied by Japanese troops, but when it was toppled by Japanese French administration on March 9, 1945, and continues to be. Power back from Vietnam in August 1945, the Japanese and the Vietnamese Democratic Republic of the birth, the same year as an independent, announced on September 2. Right after the Declaration of Independence, the country has continued to be quickly re-colonize another nine years, the French efforts, arose against the war. The war left the country divided into 17 parallel, which ended in 1954. South West, the United States has fallen to the north of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, led by the Communists, continued.
U.S. involvement in Vietnam in 1950, and in the U.S. in March 1965, when the first troops landed in Vietnam led to a full-scale war. U.S. troops withdrawn completely, but at the end of March 1973 as a result of the Paris Peace akards while the southern liberation, war, April 30, 1975 and continues to be. The country was reunified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in January 1976. However, the legacy of the war did not end until 1979.
Vietnam is now at peace, and all the world's countries, including 160 countries and territories, diplomatic and economic relations. Europe Meeting (Asem) - Association of Southeast Asian countries are living now (ASEAN), ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), the Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC), and ASEAN is a member of the Association. Vietnam to the World Trade Organization (WTO) accession negotiations and for the end of 2006 is expected to become its members.
Religion and Culture:
Vietnam's religions vary and are rarely clear-cut. Although some people call themselves Buddhists, Confucian and Taoist principles, they are instruments of opportunity, ancestor worship, and a small Animism, and superstitions of an event. The Melting Pot, developed over the centuries from many of the ideas of the original beliefs.
Gentleness, patience, hospitality, generosity, non-violence, compassion and humility: some of the other beliefs of Taoism and Buddhism, Vietnam, and, to some extent, some of the most popular features of the Vietnamese people as a result of the strong influence of religion.
The line of duty, respect, and virtue as well as the influence of the strong pressure on the well is capable of Confucianism in Vietnam. As a result, the Vietnamese people, teachers, elders, and officers, a tradition of honor and responsibility to their families and society as well. Because, Confucianist property law, a person's actions determine his future, more and more attention as a result of the country's current high literacy rates, education is placed in Vietnam.
Time - Vietnam GMT +7 hours.
The Family:
o Vietnamese life revolves around family.
Such as the Vietnamese family and extended family, nuclear has
o.It is not uncommon for three generations to live together under one
o the Confucian tradition, the father of the family's head, and it's food, clothing and shelter, and the most important decisions of his responsibility.
o In the same tradition, it is believed that when someone dies, their spirit lives on. To ensure their good favor of the descendants of their ancestors, "Prayer" will appear. If a person's death anniversary, celebrations are held in their memory. They also remember that during the ceremonies, and the souls of some of the work such as a birth or marriage, or when important decisions are consulted.
Location: Southeast Asia, Thailand Gulf, the Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, China and, Laos, Cambodia, and the boundary
Capital: Hanoi
Weather: South and tropical; warm, rainy season (mid-May, mid-September) and warm, dry weather (mid-October mid-March) North of the menstrual
THE VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE:
Although there are differences in the dialect of Vietnamese, Vietnam's official language and is spoken throughout the country. It was removed after the USSR lost in English, Russian, superseding, the second language. Some of the French in the south of the old people, talking.
Vietnam's fifty-four ethnic groups speak their own language, and some of the Cambodian border, the Mekong Delta, close to the spoken K'mer.
New career opportunities in tourism and international trade, Japanese, Chinese or Western European languages are a stimulus for young people to become specialists.
PLACES TO VISIT:
1. HANOI 9.PHU QUOC ISLAND
2.HO CHI MINH CITY 10.MUI NE
3.HOI ANN 11.SAPA
4.HUE 12.CAT BA
5.NHA TRANG 13.NINH BINH
6. HALONG BAY 14.VUNG TAU
7.DALAT 16.CAN THO
8.DA HANG
The Dragon:
Dragon is often the spoken or fairs and festivals in Vietnam appear in the image. Vietnamese believe that he is an amazing animal, and following the Sino - Vietnamese legend represent him.
He was a camel, the horns of a buck, a monster eyes (bulging from their sockets), a buffalo's ears, neck and body of a snake, scales of a carp, claws and an eagle's head, a tiger's footprints.
Velladutu at each end of a long fish dragon's mouth, and can be seen as a precious stone under his bright tongue. He is sticking his head in a bony core of the above. In Vietnam, the intellect is regarded as a mark. Dragon's last feature, along with the implementation of his spine has 81 defense points.
The dragon can change at any time, a fire, or water vapor out of breath. He is considered to be the elixir of life, and that he does not reproduce. His residence in the water or under ground, the air will be.
Multiply the number of dragons in a half-lizard, half-snake, the reptile's physical transformation of the "Long Giao." 1,000-year-old "Giao Long" will disappear in his throat, a sack, and when he is transformed into a dragon.
Dragon is a frightening looking creature, even though he was in Vietnam, considered an evil spirit. In fact, both in China and in Vietnam, the dragon is a symbol of power and nobility.
Initially, the ancestor of the Vietnamese language (the oldest in the country's occupation by the now northern Vietnam, the Red River region, and the subsequent expansion of the Vietnamese language and people, and between the present and the present-day Ho Chi Minh City in southern Vietnam, Champa (Saigon) in and around the Mekong Delta of the Khmer people, property tonal variations have emerged.
Vietnamese linguistically and politically dominated mainly by the Chinese in the 2nd century BC, have been influenced by Chinese vocabulary and grammatical influence on the rise of Chinese political dominance came radical importation. Chinese, a long-standing that, the only medium of literature and government, as well as the primary written language of the ruling class in Vietnam, the Vietnamese lexicon in all countries of the Han Việt (Sino - Vietnamese) with the words. The prestige of the national language of Vietnam is gradually increased toward the beginning of the second millennium, in fact, the Vietnamese language is the original Chinese characters in the Chinese Han Tu, using two characters (as well as the newly-formed, and the system is written using Chu was last modified characters nôm) Japan (Kanji), Korean ( Hamza), and the Sinosphere as other countries in the same model, and adapted to write Vietnamese. After a number of Vietnamese writers and poets, particularly the location of the Chu Nam, Nguyen Du and Ho Xuan Hương ("NOM Poetry Queen") is composed their works in the 18th century, became supreme for residents reached by the NOM.
Associated with the rise of the West, romanized writing system Quốc Ngữ Portuguese and other Europeans involved in proselytizing and trade in Vietnam have been developed in the 17th century. France invaded Vietnam in the late 19th century, French gradually replaced Chinese as the official language of education and government. Vietnamese such đầm (Dame, from Madame), GA (Gary from the train station), So-mi (shirt, chemise from), and búp Stay (image, poupée from) a number of French regulations, have been adopted. In addition, many Chinese - Vietnamese by the French import rules devised for Western ideas. However, the romanized script widespread and common writing system of education for the general population, teaching and communication in the early 20th century, when a more expedient, not to lead.
Sounds to be suggestive of a Chinese character based on the Vietnamese alphabet, a Vietnamese Catholic Nguyen Truong To petitions sent to the Court, however, failed in his petition. Nôm Chu French Colonial Administration. [21] by gaining liberation from the Chinese writing system of Vietnam, Confucianism and other Chinese influences attempted
Population and language:
Vietnam's population in 2007 to around 87.3 million (estimated) were recorded. The average population density is 240 per square kilometer.
For 54 species, 88% of the total population of Kinh (Vietnamese) descent account of them. The adult literacy rate is 93%. Approximately 57% of the population is employed in agriculture, and about half of the 25-year-old is under.
The most popular and the national language is Vietnamese. English, French, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, and German in Vietnam, the popularity of foreign languages.
History:
Established as the first country in the name of the ancient Vietnamese people The Vietnamese history back more than 4,000 years old, "Van Long."
For freedom and independence for Vietnam's recent history is a long, continuous struggle is considered. The country for nearly a thousand years, from 111 BC to 939 AD Chinese feudalistic administration from 1859 to 1945, nearly a century and colonized by the French.
During World War II, Vietnam was occupied by Japanese troops, but when it was toppled by Japanese French administration on March 9, 1945, and continues to be. Power back from Vietnam in August 1945, the Japanese and the Vietnamese Democratic Republic of the birth, the same year as an independent, announced on September 2. Right after the Declaration of Independence, the country has continued to be quickly re-colonize another nine years, the French efforts, arose against the war. The war left the country divided into 17 parallel, which ended in 1954. South West, the United States has fallen to the north of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, led by the Communists, continued.
U.S. involvement in Vietnam in 1950, and in the U.S. in March 1965, when the first troops landed in Vietnam led to a full-scale war. U.S. troops withdrawn completely, but at the end of March 1973 as a result of the Paris Peace akards while the southern liberation, war, April 30, 1975 and continues to be. The country was reunified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in January 1976. However, the legacy of the war did not end until 1979.
Vietnam is now at peace, and all the world's countries, including 160 countries and territories, diplomatic and economic relations. Europe Meeting (Asem) - Association of Southeast Asian countries are living now (ASEAN), ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), the Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC), and ASEAN is a member of the Association. Vietnam to the World Trade Organization (WTO) accession negotiations and for the end of 2006 is expected to become its members.
Religion and Culture:
Vietnam's religions vary and are rarely clear-cut. Although some people call themselves Buddhists, Confucian and Taoist principles, they are instruments of opportunity, ancestor worship, and a small Animism, and superstitions of an event. The Melting Pot, developed over the centuries from many of the ideas of the original beliefs.
Gentleness, patience, hospitality, generosity, non-violence, compassion and humility: some of the other beliefs of Taoism and Buddhism, Vietnam, and, to some extent, some of the most popular features of the Vietnamese people as a result of the strong influence of religion.
The line of duty, respect, and virtue as well as the influence of the strong pressure on the well is capable of Confucianism in Vietnam. As a result, the Vietnamese people, teachers, elders, and officers, a tradition of honor and responsibility to their families and society as well. Because, Confucianist property law, a person's actions determine his future, more and more attention as a result of the country's current high literacy rates, education is placed in Vietnam.
Time - Vietnam GMT +7 hours.
The Family:
o Vietnamese life revolves around family.
Such as the Vietnamese family and extended family, nuclear has
o.It is not uncommon for three generations to live together under one
o the Confucian tradition, the father of the family's head, and it's food, clothing and shelter, and the most important decisions of his responsibility.
o In the same tradition, it is believed that when someone dies, their spirit lives on. To ensure their good favor of the descendants of their ancestors, "Prayer" will appear. If a person's death anniversary, celebrations are held in their memory. They also remember that during the ceremonies, and the souls of some of the work such as a birth or marriage, or when important decisions are consulted.
Location: Southeast Asia, Thailand Gulf, the Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, China and, Laos, Cambodia, and the boundary
Capital: Hanoi
Weather: South and tropical; warm, rainy season (mid-May, mid-September) and warm, dry weather (mid-October mid-March) North of the menstrual
THE VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE:
Although there are differences in the dialect of Vietnamese, Vietnam's official language and is spoken throughout the country. It was removed after the USSR lost in English, Russian, superseding, the second language. Some of the French in the south of the old people, talking.
Vietnam's fifty-four ethnic groups speak their own language, and some of the Cambodian border, the Mekong Delta, close to the spoken K'mer.
New career opportunities in tourism and international trade, Japanese, Chinese or Western European languages are a stimulus for young people to become specialists.
PLACES TO VISIT:
1. HANOI 9.PHU QUOC ISLAND
2.HO CHI MINH CITY 10.MUI NE
3.HOI ANN 11.SAPA
4.HUE 12.CAT BA
5.NHA TRANG 13.NINH BINH
6. HALONG BAY 14.VUNG TAU
7.DALAT 16.CAN THO
8.DA HANG
The Dragon:
Dragon is often the spoken or fairs and festivals in Vietnam appear in the image. Vietnamese believe that he is an amazing animal, and following the Sino - Vietnamese legend represent him.
He was a camel, the horns of a buck, a monster eyes (bulging from their sockets), a buffalo's ears, neck and body of a snake, scales of a carp, claws and an eagle's head, a tiger's footprints.
Velladutu at each end of a long fish dragon's mouth, and can be seen as a precious stone under his bright tongue. He is sticking his head in a bony core of the above. In Vietnam, the intellect is regarded as a mark. Dragon's last feature, along with the implementation of his spine has 81 defense points.
The dragon can change at any time, a fire, or water vapor out of breath. He is considered to be the elixir of life, and that he does not reproduce. His residence in the water or under ground, the air will be.
Multiply the number of dragons in a half-lizard, half-snake, the reptile's physical transformation of the "Long Giao." 1,000-year-old "Giao Long" will disappear in his throat, a sack, and when he is transformed into a dragon.
Dragon is a frightening looking creature, even though he was in Vietnam, considered an evil spirit. In fact, both in China and in Vietnam, the dragon is a symbol of power and nobility.
FESTIVALS
Trung Thu, the mid-Autumn Festival:
Very pleasant to see the children and adults, a joyous festival. Several weeks before the festival, hundreds of thousands of bakers cakes made of sticky rice, the Moon, and peanuts are busy with all kinds of unusual filling, sugar, lotus seed, duck - egg yolks, water melon seed raising, etc., which are sold in boxes and colorful shot. Decorated boxes, and more expensive, but they are presented as gifts.
Also boats, dragons, rabbits, toads, crabs, Unicorns, carp, etc. and colorful lanterns are made in the form of the village and the city, each of these would be sold on the streets of weeks. The children began playing with them in front of a long holiday. They produce less light candles and paper lanterns inside the cellophane hit them in the dark in the evening, all around swing on sticks. One of the most beautiful landscapes in Vietnam to see this year.
On the night of the festival, a procession of children and their lighted lanterns, and drums and cymbals of the collaboration of the unicorn dances that go through the streets.
There are many legendary origins of the festival, but it was agreed that a number of Vietnam Hoang Duong Dynasty during the reign of the emperor of the Min. They liked the name of the 8th lunar Legend of Moon Lake 15 day Thai Dick and his queen, Duong Quy took the said Foo. Moon is at its brightest, a poem composed by the Emperor and his wife described it. He loved to read verses in the Moonlight.
Devil moon cakes used at other times of Chinese history. Secret messages in a time of internal wars in China is an uprising of the people against a hated ruler should be placed inside the cakes.
Trung Nguyen (Wandering Souls Day):
This year, the second-largest festival (Tet first is). The 15th day of the seventh month, is the celebration of the second half of the month may be held at any convenient time. Festival of the Buddhist Pagodas, houses, businesses, factories, government offices, and units of the Armed Forces, which is celebrated across the country. It is not only a Buddhist holiday, but the existence of God is a good and evil, believing that all Vietnamese celebrate.
That each person has two souls of Vietnam;, a (Hon), spiritual, and other objects (via) is. If a person died, his soul is in hell, and ten judges of the tribunal's findings. When the judgment was given by the Holy Spirit, on the ground of the person's behavior as a reward or punishment, will be sent to heaven or hell.
Sinful souls who absolved of their sentence, and every month on the first and 15 from the supply of the country believed in Hell's prayers. Wandering Souls Day, however, a general amnesty for all the souls who believe that the best time to secure a priest and relatives. The day began at sunset, and the souls out of Hell's gates fly, unclothed and hungry as well. Relatives who are returning to their homes and villages and their family altars fly and find food in abundance.
, Which left them with relatives or living on the rivers and from tree to tree, black clouds was doomed to wander helplessly in the air. They are in need of food and prayer is sad, "wandering spirits" are. Presentations and many public places in order to complete the additional altars Why is the Pagodas.
This is "the country and plans to meet with the Dead" oldsters said one day, and the traditional customs of all respected. Weather permitting, services should be open. The room is not so for the many wandering souls, I used a large room.
And the five fruits, boiled chicken, roast pork, and crab: a celebration of the occasion, large tables are mainly three types of meat are offering. Believed to be the wandering souls of other FOODS starvation, hunger and satisfaction throughout the year, such as sticky rice cakes, vermicelli soup, and the meat may have been ROLLS.
Money and clothes made of votive papers are burned at this time.
Many people believe in reincarnation, and the butcher Butcher shops because they were afraid that some poor person to be killed, especially in this day care.
Also, it is very unfortunate for the Vietnamese it is expected to die away from home, and its passengers must be celebrated between the deaths of the transit transport
FOOD:
Vietnamese Cuisine Chinese, French, and a combination of a small Thai influence. This is probably one of Asia's finest cuisine. Vietnamese Cuisine of the primary ingredients of rice and the famous fish sauce "nouc mam" are.
The materials and size can vary - depending on the country of the region's specialties spring ROLLS of Vietnamese Cuisine. Traditional breakfast - chicken soup (Foo GA) or beef soup (Foo Bo) is the city's main streets in Vietnam are very much available in food shops.
Pork, fish, meat, menu, in all common materials - are also high in Vietnam's northern, snake, and other "exotic" restaurants in expected to be offered.
Very pleasant to see the children and adults, a joyous festival. Several weeks before the festival, hundreds of thousands of bakers cakes made of sticky rice, the Moon, and peanuts are busy with all kinds of unusual filling, sugar, lotus seed, duck - egg yolks, water melon seed raising, etc., which are sold in boxes and colorful shot. Decorated boxes, and more expensive, but they are presented as gifts.
Also boats, dragons, rabbits, toads, crabs, Unicorns, carp, etc. and colorful lanterns are made in the form of the village and the city, each of these would be sold on the streets of weeks. The children began playing with them in front of a long holiday. They produce less light candles and paper lanterns inside the cellophane hit them in the dark in the evening, all around swing on sticks. One of the most beautiful landscapes in Vietnam to see this year.
On the night of the festival, a procession of children and their lighted lanterns, and drums and cymbals of the collaboration of the unicorn dances that go through the streets.
There are many legendary origins of the festival, but it was agreed that a number of Vietnam Hoang Duong Dynasty during the reign of the emperor of the Min. They liked the name of the 8th lunar Legend of Moon Lake 15 day Thai Dick and his queen, Duong Quy took the said Foo. Moon is at its brightest, a poem composed by the Emperor and his wife described it. He loved to read verses in the Moonlight.
Devil moon cakes used at other times of Chinese history. Secret messages in a time of internal wars in China is an uprising of the people against a hated ruler should be placed inside the cakes.
Trung Nguyen (Wandering Souls Day):
This year, the second-largest festival (Tet first is). The 15th day of the seventh month, is the celebration of the second half of the month may be held at any convenient time. Festival of the Buddhist Pagodas, houses, businesses, factories, government offices, and units of the Armed Forces, which is celebrated across the country. It is not only a Buddhist holiday, but the existence of God is a good and evil, believing that all Vietnamese celebrate.
That each person has two souls of Vietnam;, a (Hon), spiritual, and other objects (via) is. If a person died, his soul is in hell, and ten judges of the tribunal's findings. When the judgment was given by the Holy Spirit, on the ground of the person's behavior as a reward or punishment, will be sent to heaven or hell.
Sinful souls who absolved of their sentence, and every month on the first and 15 from the supply of the country believed in Hell's prayers. Wandering Souls Day, however, a general amnesty for all the souls who believe that the best time to secure a priest and relatives. The day began at sunset, and the souls out of Hell's gates fly, unclothed and hungry as well. Relatives who are returning to their homes and villages and their family altars fly and find food in abundance.
, Which left them with relatives or living on the rivers and from tree to tree, black clouds was doomed to wander helplessly in the air. They are in need of food and prayer is sad, "wandering spirits" are. Presentations and many public places in order to complete the additional altars Why is the Pagodas.
This is "the country and plans to meet with the Dead" oldsters said one day, and the traditional customs of all respected. Weather permitting, services should be open. The room is not so for the many wandering souls, I used a large room.
And the five fruits, boiled chicken, roast pork, and crab: a celebration of the occasion, large tables are mainly three types of meat are offering. Believed to be the wandering souls of other FOODS starvation, hunger and satisfaction throughout the year, such as sticky rice cakes, vermicelli soup, and the meat may have been ROLLS.
Money and clothes made of votive papers are burned at this time.
Many people believe in reincarnation, and the butcher Butcher shops because they were afraid that some poor person to be killed, especially in this day care.
Also, it is very unfortunate for the Vietnamese it is expected to die away from home, and its passengers must be celebrated between the deaths of the transit transport
FOOD:
Vietnamese Cuisine Chinese, French, and a combination of a small Thai influence. This is probably one of Asia's finest cuisine. Vietnamese Cuisine of the primary ingredients of rice and the famous fish sauce "nouc mam" are.
The materials and size can vary - depending on the country of the region's specialties spring ROLLS of Vietnamese Cuisine. Traditional breakfast - chicken soup (Foo GA) or beef soup (Foo Bo) is the city's main streets in Vietnam are very much available in food shops.
Pork, fish, meat, menu, in all common materials - are also high in Vietnam's northern, snake, and other "exotic" restaurants in expected to be offered.